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Omakaeva E.U., Korneev G.B., Korneeva A.Kh., Turdumatova E.B., Khodzhigirova D.V. [Chinese borrowings in literary language of Oirats and Kalmyks (based on lexicographic works)] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2019, Vol. 10, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/33FLSK419.pdf (in Russian).

Chinese borrowings in literary language of Oirats and Kalmyks (based on lexicographic works)

Omakaeva Ellara Ulyaevna
Kalmyk state university named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: elomakaeva@mail.ru

Korneev Gennadiy Batyrevich
Development center of Kalmyk language, Elista, Russia
E-mail: cecerlig88@mail.ru

Korneeva Aliya Khamidullaevna
Kalmyk state university named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: bekmuratova_ah@mail.ru

Turdumatova Elmira Bolotbekovna
Kalmyk state university named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: elmira4@yandex.ru

Khodzhigirova Delger Vladimirovna
Kalmyk state university named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: delgirah@mail.ru

Abstract. The article discusses one of the most poorly studied vocabulary of the language of the Oirats and Kalmyks – words borrowed from the Chinese language. Currently, no more than two dozen words are known as etymologically related to the Chinese language. Chinese borrowings penetrated the Kalmyk language during the general history of the Mongols and Kalmyks, which is proved by the presence of these words in the language of modern Mongols, Buryats and Oirats of Xinjiang. They penetrated the Mongolian languages and written monuments in different ways and at different time stages of history, however, the period of the rule of the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China can be considered as the main period of intensive borrowing of Chinese words. Based on the material of lexicographic works, the list of Chinese words in the literary language of the Oirats and Kalmyks is significantly expanded by terms of various fields, including those that fell into the Kalmyk language along with translations of Buddhist texts. All identified Chinese words are divided into eight thematic groups: titles; names of flora and fauna; names of food, finance, law; abstract vocabulary, product names; religious vocabulary, names of measures of length and weight. The article also makes the first attempt to determine the ways of borrowing Chinese words in the literary languages of Oirats and Kalmyks. All the presented vocabulary has no equivalents in the Oirat and Kalmyk languages, which indicates the strong influence of the Chinese language on the languages of neighboring peoples, as well as the cultural interaction of the peoples of Central Asia and the Far East.

Keywords: Kalmyk; Chinese; borrowed vocabulary; phonetic adaptation; grammatical adaptation; intermediate languages

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