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Monraev M.U., Lidzhiev A.B., Alekseeva S.S., Khudogulova E.P. [The vocabulary of food in the traditional culture of the Kalmyks] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2021, Vol. 12, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/11FLSK421.pdf (in Russian).

The vocabulary of food in the traditional culture of the Kalmyks

Monraev Mikhail Ubushaevich
Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: kelen@kalmsu.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-233X

Lidzhiev Alexander Borlaevich
Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: juwali@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-162X

Alekseeva Sabina Sultanovna
Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Elista, Russia
E-mail: alekseeva_sabina@list.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-5233
RSCI: https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=881259

Khudogulova Elena Pavlovna
Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: lena_dolganova88@mail.ru
RSCI: https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=895838

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the vocabulary of food in the traditional culture of Kalmyks. The research of this field in ethnolinguistics is of interest not only from a culinary point of view, but also as phenomena related to cultural semantics, with its symbolic and ceremonial meaning. Food in ritual and symbolic meaning serves not only for simple satiation, but its content and semantics are an important component of the culture of the people, it acquires magical functions and has a wide range of cultural meanings, is the object and means of various ritual actions, prescriptions and prohibitions. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that food is an essential element of rituals and rituals and is a national marker of an ethnic group. The traditional food of peoples is an important fragment of the ethnos’ worldview and a component of folk culture, since it reflects the ethnos’ nutrition system that has been formed over the centuries, represents a certain food set based on economic activity and natural and climatic conditions. The diet and types of food of the Kalmyks and other Mongolian peoples are closely related to the economic activity of the ethnic group. The food system of the Kalmyk people is based on the consumption of meat and dairy products. The main menu of Kalmyks has not been changed for a long time. The preparation and consumption of food often has a ritual and cult character, which is associated with the religious beliefs of the ethnic group, which can be performed both in the daily meal, and on festive, solemn or other special events celebrated by the ethnic group, subethnos, clan, family or individual. Cultural, social, religious, economic and climatic components are concentrated in food, which is reflected in the model of eating behavior.

As a result of the study, it was possible to establish that the paremias of the Kalmyk people reflect precisely the nomadic way of life, where in the vocabulary of food products characteristic of the cattle-breeding economic-economic type of activity come to the fore. The basis of the economy and human well-being is livestock, and the main food product is meat and milk, while plant foods, as well as fish and game are on the periphery of the Kalmyks’ food preferences, all this is reflected in the phraseology of the language.

The data obtained can be used in further research in the field of ethnolinguistics, in the practice of teaching a course in cultural linguistics, ethnography, paremiology and other related disciplines, as well as in compiling an educational ethnolinguocultural dictionary.

Keywords: food; products; dairy products; meat; Kalmyks; Mongolian peoples

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