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Arkadyeva T.G., Vasilieva M.I., Fedotova N.S., Vladimirova S.S., Sharri T.G. [Historisms and archaisms-nominations of persons by profession as sources of background information for modern native speakers of the Russian language] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2019, Vol. 10, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/56FLSK419.pdf (in Russian).

Historisms and archaisms-nominations of persons by profession as sources of background information for modern native speakers of the Russian language

Arkadyeva Tatyana Grigoryevna
Herzen state pedagogical university of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: tatarkad@mail.ru

Vasilieva Marina Ivanovna
Herzen state pedagogical university of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: vas_mi@mail.ru

Fedotova Nadezda Sergeevna
Herzen state pedagogical university of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: nadja_f78@mail.ru

Vladimirova Svetlana Semenovna
Herzen state pedagogical university of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: vlad_svetlana@mail.ru

Sharri Tatyana Germanovna
Herzen state pedagogical university of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: sharry_t@mail.ru

Abstract. The authors of the article write about historicisms and archaisms that call a person by profession. The authors performed a study based on the «Dictionary of Russian Historicisms» and «Dictionary of the Russian Language of the XI–XVII Centuries». In the article, authors use modern explanatory dictionaries to compare words. Examples are also given from the national corps of the Russian language. In the article, the authors talk about the results of a survey that they conducted among native speakers of the Russian language – student philologists. Assignments were made for students to determine the level of understanding of historicisms and archaisms – nominations by profession. The authors pay attention to the nominations-archaisms of a person by profession. Archaisms are words that are not included in the vocabulary of modern man, they are not in modern dictionaries. But it is they who are of interest in educational practice with philological students. Very often, archaisms contain a known root, however, the semantic component in a word is native speakers can understand in different ways. The authors give original examples in order to prove that historicisms and archaisms are words that not only reflect the socio-historical consciousness, but also reconstruct the image of the world that exists in the ethnocultural consciousness of the Russian people. In the article, the authors explain that historicisms and archaisms are not only linguistic words, but also linguistic and cultural ones. Knowledge of historicisms and archaisms plays a large role in the formation of personality and its sociocultural adaptation in a multicultural society; ignorance makes the background of a native speaker or those who study Russian as a foreign language a little. The authors say that at the present time, when there is multiculturalism, globalization and artificial intelligence, it is very important to write about historicisms and archaisms, because they are translators of social memory. This is necessary for the adaptation of the modern native speaker in the linguistic and social space, for understanding the collective experience that historicisms and archaisms store in themselves. The authors conclude that historicisms and archaisms are one of the means of transmitting social memory from generation to generation in the synchronous and diachronic aspects.

Keywords: historicisms; archaisms; outdated vocabulary; social memory; ethnocultural; translators; nominations; background knowledge; native speaker

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