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Petrov A.V., Cheremushnikova I.K., Chernysheva I.V. [Innovations in the medical practice of the 19th century: scientific methods or the fashionable trends?] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2020, Vol. 11, No. 2. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/49KLSK220.pdf (in Russian).

Innovations in the medical practice of the 19th century: scientific methods or the fashionable trends?

Petrov Andrey Vladimirovich
Volgograd state medical university, Volgograd, Russia
E-mail: avpetrov79@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-5554
РИНЦ: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=186807
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=57192186351

Cheremushnikova Irina Kabdrahimovna
Volgograd state medical university, Volgograd, Russia
E-mail: inhabitus@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-0503
РИНЦ: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=472073
Researcher ID: https://www.researcherid.com/rid/M-6097-2017
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=57193435462

Chernysheva Irina Valerevna
Volgograd state medical university, Volgograd, Russia
E-mail: iravale@yandex.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-5853
РИНЦ: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=637195
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=57193429989

Abstract. The article offers an overview of fashion trends in medicine of the 19th century. This review overturns the fact that fashion and medicine unable to get along and, on the contrary, confirm that the fashion is general phenomenon penetrating not only to the culture of everyday life, but also to the professional activity.

In the 19th century the health is transformed from the biological value into the social and cultural value. The healthy life style became an attractive and fashionable trend. Physical beauty is seen as an indispensable attribute of health.

The doctors invented and popularized the fashionable “author’s” methods of treatment with great enthusiasm.

The review of the mosaic picture of the medical practice of the 19th centuries is carried out on the approach, which attracts different sources – from the medical texts to the literature and the memoirs., because complementary discourse is able to complete our notion about the medical culture of some period or another.

The following topics are observed treatment with mineral waters at the fashionable resorts, treatment by radiation, diet and treatment by grapes, the different methods of treatment of melancholy, that was the noble infirmity, the first steps of stomatology and ophthalmology aid, homeopathy, leech therapy, the invention of the first training devices.

The authors came to a conclusion that large amount of newly appearing medical themes and fashionable innovations in medicine are the indirect confirmation of medical progress, side-line branch “of the Golden Age” of medicine.

Keywords: medical culture; the culture of everyday life; medicine of health; healthy life style; innovations in medicine; fashionable trends in medicine

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