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Ivanov M.V. [The essence of extreme tourism as a cultural phenomenon: structural and functional analysis] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2022, Vol. 13, No. 1. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/39KLSK122.pdf (in Russian).

The essence of extreme tourism as a cultural phenomenon: structural and functional analysis

Ivanov Maksim Vasilʹevich
Institute of Languages and Culture of the Peoples of the North-East of the Russian Federation
North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
E-mail: mv.ivanov@s-vfu.ru
RSCI: https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1125559

Abstract. Forms of tourism associated with risk and danger are now dynamically developing cultural industries all over the world. In this regard, there is no doubt the relevance of interest in domestic science to the theoretical and practical issues of studying the phenomenon of extreme tourism. The purpose of the article is a structural and functional analysis of extreme tourism, based on the concept of a systematic understanding of cultural phenomena proposed by M.S. Kagan, as unity and interrelation of spiritual, material and artistic subsystems. Extreme tourism is understood by the author as a kind of free play activity carried out in the form of a trip, the purpose of which is an activity related to overcoming difficulties and dangers in situations of high uncertainty and risk, posing a danger to human health and even life and forcing a person to act on the verge of their physical and psychological limits. Extreme tourism, presented by the author as the subject embodiment of three types of spiritual activity: (1) cognitive, the product of which is knowledge in the field of extreme tourism; (2) spiritually transformative, within the framework of which projects in the field of extreme tourism are born; and (3) spiritual and semantic, which is closely related to artistic, in which the values and meanings of extreme tourism are born. In the material activity, extreme tourism also receives objectification in three types of human activity in accordance with the three forms of being: (1) in physical culture; (2) in technical culture; (3) in socio-organizational culture. The article also discusses the main factors of meaning formation that influence the formation of values of extreme tourism.

Keywords: extreme tourism; structural and functional analysis; spiritual culture; material culture; artistic culture; tourism functions; tourism structure

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