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Ubushieva B.Eh., Pyurbeev G.T., Kharchevnikova R.P. [About some features of the formation of Kalmyk ichthyons] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2023, Vol. 14, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/35FLSK423.pdf (in Russian).

About some features of the formation of Kalmyk ichthyons

Ubushieva Bamba Ehrendzhenovna
Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: ubamba@yandex.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1895-2897

Pyurbeev Grigoriy Tserenovich
Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: pyurbeev@yandex.ru

Kharchevnikova Roza Pyurvenovna
Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
E-mail: kharchevnikova-rp@yandex.ru

Abstract. The article analyzes the Kalmyk ichthyonyms that make up a small layer of the vocabulary of the modern Kalmyk language. Fishing was not a traditional type of farming for the Kalmyks, nomads who were traditionally engaged in cattle breeding. But forced living near water sources (rivers, lakes) suggested a close acquaintance with aquatic fauna, which was reflected in the Oirat-Kalmyk language. The article uses Kalmyk lexicographic sources and texts of folklore works as examples, in which only fish from the rich aquatic fauna were analyzed in terms of their nominative functions. The article examines Kalmyk ichthyonyms from the point of view of their composition, semantics, education, in particular, lexical-syntactic, morphological-syntactic and lexical-semantic methods of education. There is also the phenomenon of phonetic transformation, borrowing. According to the composition, Kalmyk ichthyonyms can be divided into simple and complex, complex in turn can be two- and more composite.

The main lexical unit denoting fish in the Kalmyk language is the lexeme chn, which is involved in the formation of complex ichthyonyms. In the Kalmyk language, there are names not only of river, lake and marine fish, but also of oceanic ones, which are reflected in folklore texts, where the semantics of ichthyonyms is especially significant.

The use of various fish nominations in folklore texts is dictated by their cultural and linguistic significance in reflecting ethnic ideas about the world around them. The peculiarity of the folklore text makes it possible to consider a specific lexeme in its various combinations, which makes it possible to fully reveal the features of the semantic structure of the word. In this aspect, the names of fish in the Kalmyk language are considered for the first time.

Keywords: Kalmyk language; vocabulary; ichthyony; word formation; composition of the word; semantics; folklore text

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