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Aiusheev B.B. [Lexico-semantic and structural characteristics of the soldier’s jargon] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2019, Vol. 10, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/32FLSK419.pdf (in Russian).

Lexico-semantic and structural characteristics of the soldier’s jargon

Aiusheev Bator Balzhinimaevich
Buryat state agriculture academy by V.R. Philippov, Ulan-Ude, Russia
E-mail: ayushbaatar@yandex.ru

Abstract. The article deals with the soldier’s jargon as a socially conditioned variety of language, the speakers of which are young people who served in the military conscription. Lexico-semantic and structural characteristics of the sociolect are made by the author using the results of a sociological study conducted in 2001–2006, which was aimed at identifying lexical and phraseological units of soldier’s jargon, the features of their use in speech. The analysis of the revealed lexical and phraseological units allowed to draw the following conclusions. First, the vocabulary of the sociolect in question is heterogeneous in origin. In it, according to this criterion, the following groups are clearly distinguished: (1) the vocabulary of youth slang; (2) military vocabulary; (3) borrowings from Argo; (4) vocabulary formed directly in the soldier’s environment. Secondly, soldiers ‘ jargon can be divided into several lexical and semantic groups: (1) designations of military ranks, positions, branches of troops, military specialties; (2) lexemes denoting weapons, uniforms, ammunition, their elements; (3) the words denoting the terms of service, as well as vocabulary and stable phrases characterizing non-statutory relationships in the army; (4) vocabulary characterizing objects, phenomena of life; (5) concepts related to the service; (6) lexemes expressing attitude to military service. Third, the study identified ways of formation of lexical and phraseological units in the sociolect: (1) universalization; (2) reduction, or abbreviation; (3) traditional prefixal, suffixal and suffixal-prefixal methods; (4) simple truncation of the basis or truncation of the basis with the addition of a colloquial or vernacular suffix; (5) borrowing of a common word by consonance, simple coincidence, similarity in pronunciation; (6) borrowing from other sociolects; (7) metaphorical transfer; (8) borrowing from foreign languages. The specificity of the service imposes an inevitable imprint on the language of the serving youth, first of all, on the lexical and phraseological composition, which is manifested in the existence of a vast layer of specific vocabulary of soldier’s jargon, often without correspondences, both in the literary language and in other sociolects.

Keywords: slang vocabulary; social dialect (sociolect); military slang; social variety of language; soldier’s slang; semantics; word formation

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