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Kandybina A.V. [Speech as an indicator of a person’s intellectual abilities (based on Russian and Czech phraseology)] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2026, Vol. 17, No. 1. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/32FLSK126.pdf (in Russian).

Speech as an indicator of a person’s intellectual abilities (based on Russian and Czech phraseology)

Kandybina Anastasia Viktorovna
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: av.kandybina@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1073-2243

Abstract. In this article, Czech and Russian phraseological units and stable comparisons are analyzed, which include verbs of speech activity as a key component and characterize a person in terms of mental abilities. The interest in the indicated material is due to the lack of a complete comparative description of the phraseology of related Slavic languages of the presented thematic group. The need to identify the general and specific in the process of representing ideas about universal categories determines the relevance of this work. Within the framework of the phraseological field under consideration, using the method of structural and semantic modeling, models with productivity in both languages are distinguished. In the following, each model is described separately in terms of the internal form of the phraseological units that make up its composition. As a result of the research, similar images and associative connections are found, reflecting attitudes towards intelligence and stupidity as important categories that characterize a person. The peculiarities of the dependence of human speech behavior on intelligence in phraseological interpretation are demonstrated. There are cases of different structural organization of equivalent semantics in Russian and Czech versions. An etymological commentary is given to some phraseological units, which makes it possible to detect «traces» of the unique historical development of the peoples being compared. The information obtained makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the common Slavic character of the structural and semantic models found, and also allows us to talk about similar mechanisms for reflecting ideas about intelligence in the units of phraseology of the Russian and Czech languages.

Keywords: structural and semantic modeling; phraseology; fixed comparisons; intelligence/stupidity; Czech language; Russian language; intelligence

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