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Kharanutova D.Sh., Syzhen’daolima [Chinese borrowings in the language of the Sheneheng Buryats (based on lexicographic sources in the old-written Mongolian language)] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2023, Vol. 14, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/19FLSK423.pdf (in Russian).

Chinese borrowings in the language of the Sheneheng Buryats (based on lexicographic sources in the old-written Mongolian language)

Kharanutova Darima Shagdurovna
Dorzhi Banzarov Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia
E-mail: dkharanutova@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-5393
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=57216528326

Syzhen’daolima
Dorzhi Banzarov Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia
E-mail: srdlma@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-3254

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of adaptation of Chinese borrowings of the old-written Mongolian language, which is the written form of the language of the Sheneheng Buryats who emigrated to China a hundred years ago. According to the authors, borrowings from the Chinese language should be divided into pre-migration and post-migration. The emigration of Buryats at the beginning of the XX century is taken as a conditional division between the periods of activation of Chinese borrowings. During the migration period, Chinese words are borrowed through the Mongolian language, while in the post-migration period, the borrowing process occurs directly. As noted by the authors, most of the Chinese borrowings of the post-migration period are the names of new realities that appeared as a result of the contact of the Buryat and Chinese languages.

As examples, the data from the author’s file of borrowings of the old-written Mongolian language are given, selected from lexicographic sources in the old-written Mongolian language and not previously involved in the works of previous researchers on borrowed Chinese vocabulary. The identified borrowings are divided into two groups of simple and polysemous words, which, in turn, are divided into conditional four subgroups: with preservation of meaning, with narrowing of meaning, with expansion of meaning and with reinterpretation of meaning. It is emphasized that borrowed Chinese words behave differently during adaptation: some of them retain their original direct and figurative meanings, others change their meaning to one degree or another by narrowing, expanding or reinterpreting, or completely change lexical meanings when borrowed by the old-written Mongolian language. The study shows that words are borrowed that denote concepts that were absent in the language of the Shanahan Buryats.

Keywords: Chinese borrowings; old-written Mongolian; pre-migration period; post-migration period; the language of the Shanehen Buryats; semantic adaptation; lexicographic source

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