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Lidzhieva L.A., Lidzhieva D.M., Mandeev N.Yu. [Reflection of pastoral activity in the proverbs and sayings of the Kalmyks of Russia and the Oirats of China (linguoculturological analysis)] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2022, Vol. 13, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/13FLSK422.pdf (in Russian).

Reflection of pastoral activity in the proverbs and sayings of the Kalmyks of Russia and the Oirats of China (linguoculturological analysis)

Lidzhieva Liudmila Alekseevna
Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University, Elista, Russia
E-mail: lidzhieva-la@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-5458

Lidzhieva Dzhirgal Mingiyanovna
Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University, Elista, Russia
E-mail: lidzhieva-dz14@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-9998

Mandeev Naran Yurievich
Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University, Elista, Russia
E-mail: mandeev.naran@mail.ru

Abstract. The article provides a linguoculturological analysis of proverbs and sayings of the Kalmyks of Russia and the Oirats of China, which reflect the main way of life of peoples — nomadic life. All Mongolian peoples have long been nomadic pastoralists. The presence of livestock among the Mongolian peoples was considered an indicator of prosperity. Animals provided people with milk, meat, wool and raw materials for home production. In this regard, the Mongolian languages have a large layer of vocabulary, reflecting various names of gender, age, color of cattle, etc. Proverbs and sayings related to pastoral activities are of great interest in terms of understanding the national and cultural specifics of peoples, their character and mentality. Such types of livestock as morn ‘horse’, temәn ‘camel’, ukr ‘cow’ and khön ‘sheep’ are described in detail, their role in the life of a cattle breeder is shown. Endurance, speed, strength, as well as the appearance of animals are noted. Very often, animals are compared with humans, characterizing its various qualities. In languages, there are both direct and metaphorical meanings of proverbs. The material of the study reflects well the economic activity, the features of the material and spiritual culture of the Oirat-Kalmyks. The economic activity of the peoples, being an important part of the culture of the Oirat-Kalmyks, is not only the basis for the existence of ethnic groups, but also affects the development of the language, folklore, as well as the preservation of the customs and traditions of the Oirat and Kalmyk peoples. The results of this study can contribute to further linguoculturological study of proverbs of other Mongolian peoples, reflecting pastoral activities, in a comparative historical light.

Keywords: pastoral vocabulary; proverbs and sayings; Oirat and Kalmyk languages; linguoculturological analysis

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