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Adygezalov A.R. [Loan translation as a way of creating military terms in Modern Standard Arabic] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2025, Vol. 16, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/36FLSK425.pdf (in Russian).

Loan translation as a way of creating military terms in Modern Standard Arabic

Adygezalov Arif Royat ogly
News agency NEWS.ru, Moscow, Russia
Institute of Asian and African Studies of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: arhiststar@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1287-6953

Abstract. This article describes one of the ways of creating military terms in Modern Standard Arabic — calques. The rapid development of military technology and protracted armed conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa contribute to the constant emergence of new terms in this sphere. Calques are often used to denote foreign concepts in Arabic, as this minimizes the necessity of direct borrowing and allows for the use of native vocabulary. Moreover, this method is used in the formation of names for devices in Arabic. In such cases, participles and action nouns (masdars) are used. However, the terms formed by calques may not be exact equivalents of words from other languages.

This paper presents theoretical principles related to term formation in Arabic, drawn from the scientific works of Arabic scholars V.M. Belkin, R.A. al-Mgrab, and V.V. Tereshchenko. Furthermore, examples of military-technical terms found in Arabic media and magazines on the subject are analyzed in this article. In addition, the specifics of creating calques are described, in this regard the peculiarities of the Arabic word-formation system are taken into account. The analysis of the terms in this paper includes such methods as linguistic description, classification, and generalization. The article emphasizes the scientific and practical significance of calquing for understanding terminology in Arabic. This research is also important in the sphere of military translation.

Keywords: military terms; calque; lexicology; terminology; literary Arabic; military equipment; translation; Arabic media

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