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Petryanina O.V., Belenkova Yu.S. [One-word idioms as a means of person nomination in modern German] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2025, Vol. 16, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/32FLSK425.pdf (in Russian).

One-word idioms as a means of person nomination in modern German

Petryanina Olga Valerievna
Samara State University of Economics, Samara, Russia
E-mail: Petryaninaolga@rambler.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-544X
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=504050

Belenkova Yulia Sergeevna
Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
E-mail: yubelenkova@mail.ru
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=741019

Abstract. This article presents an analysis of German one-word phraseological units that serve as denotations and figurative characterizations of a person and allow for evaluative and expressive descriptions of a personality, often using metaphors and similes. The authors devote particular attention to studying the distinctive properties of idiomatic compound words, which confirm their phraseological status. The authors systematize set expressions by their semantic affiliation, thematic content, and grammatical structure to demonstrate how language shapes perceptions of personality. The content of compound lexemes, which verbalize figurative representations of a person and succinctly convey complex information about their multifaceted qualities, emotions, and behavior, arises primarily through metaphorical transfer, when the properties of a single source object (associate) are attributed to a living subject (individual). The article demonstrates that the process of idiomatization of multimorphemic units directly depends on the semantics and form of motivating elements (roots and affixes), which are key to creating the initial meaning, which is then transformed into a figurative meaning. The study found that in the compared languages (German and Russian), the linguistic units in question are formed on the basis of basic cultural concepts with common roots. However, their content and meaning are deeply nationally determined, reflecting unique realities, history, and cultural code. This leads to differences in their components, origins, and conveyed image, making them, accordingly, completely different.

Keywords: one-word phraseological unit; composite idiom; metaphorical transfer; figurative meaning; structural and semantic features; human character; interlingual equivalent

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