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DOI: 10.15862/29FLSK425 (https://doi.org/10.15862/29FLSK425)

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Bobrinskay I.D., Semenov P.A., Klienkova I.B. [Informal address forms and their functional equivalents in Russian, in English and in German (the muzhik, man and Mann lexemes)] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2025, Vol. 16, No. 4. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/29FLSK425.pdf (in Russian). DOI: 10.15862/29FLSK425

Informal address forms and their functional equivalents in Russian, in English and in German (the muzhik, man and Mann lexemes)

Bobrinskay Irina Dmitrievna
MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: irini_111@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8442-5824
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=158861
WoS: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/rid/JUJ-2154-2023
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=IbJCe58AAAAJ

Semenov Platon Alexandrovich
MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
Diplomatic Academy
E-mail: platon-semenov@rambler.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7609-5518
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=639863

Klienkova Irina Borisovna
MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: irina.klienkova@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-331X
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=682408
WoS: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/rid/HKO-7698-2023
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=gkUaOgsAAAAJ

Abstract. The article is concerned with the analysis of informal address forms — vocatives per se and nominative structures to refer to third person singular — in Russian, in English and in German (the muzhik, the man and the Mann lexemes). This research is aimed at finding similarities and differences in the use of the given lexemes as a vocative per se or as a reference to third person singular. In the Russian language, the meaning of the muzhik lexeme may vary with regard to its use in the former or in the latter function. The muzhik lexeme is polysemantic as it may have a positive, a neutral or a negative connotation, a fact which Russian language dictionaries fail to evidence in their respective dictionary entries. The comparative analysis of the research reveals the structural, pragmatic and functional peculiarities to highlight the universal and the culturally-specific nature of informal address forms usage in Russian, in English and in German. The research material comprises authentic extracts of oral communication, dictionary entries, contemporary English and German corpus data, blogs and other authentic texts. The research findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the linguistic and cultural peculiarities of the muzhik, man and Mann informal address forms usage. They may also prove valuable for further comparative research in language and culture, as well as be of use in language teaching with regard to culturally-specific nature of speech and oral discourse.

Keywords: vocative; address forms; informal address forms; cultural peculiarities; the muzhik lexeme; the man lexeme; the Mann lexeme

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