2024, Vol. 15, No. 2. | Страница 2

Wang Zhuo
Chongqing Preschool Education College, Chongqing, China
E-mail: 46532171@qq.com

Kostyushkina Galina Maximovna
Irkutsk Scientific Center the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia

Abstract. With the rapid development of society, the emergence and spread of new words has become a significant phenomenon in the language field, especially among the youth group, having a broad and profound impact on communicative interaction. The purpose of this study is to identify the socio-psychological features of the influence of new words in the Chinese language on speech interaction in a youth group. Using the methods of questionnaires, in-depth interviews, functional and semantic analysis, the study reveals the acceptance and tolerance of the youth group to new words, as well as its attitude to their use in communication and the frequency of use of these words. The novelty of the study is to identify patterns (types) of speech behavior among young people in connection with the use of new words. The analysis showed that the motives for spreading new words among the youth group have a relative complexity, including the history of the era, the expansion of new technologies, social factors and the promotion of social media, which satisfy the needs of the youth group in emotional exchange and cultural identification. There are 5 models of speech behavior among Chinese youth: Model 1 «Striving for simplicity», Model 2 «Striving for novelty», Model 3 «Striving for uniqueness», Model 4 «Blind imitation» and Model 5 «Convenience of expressing emotions».

Keywords: new words; youth audience; balance mechanism; standardization; identification; the model of speech behavior

Atlashova Irina Andreevna
Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia
E-mail: irinandroid@mail.ru
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1186514

Abstract. Actual questions of the comparison category research in the modern period of linguistic development are often associated with the formation and description of functional-semantic fields. The proposed article comprehends by means of theoretical and analytical review of modern scientific works devoted to the study of the functional-semantic aspect of the category of comparison. In spite of the fact that scientists can lay down different meanings in the use of functional fields, the similarities are nevertheless evident in the ability to present work results in an understandable hierarchical form. At the beginning of the article some studies of functional semantics are indicated, which help to better understand the relevance of the concept of functional semantic fields in linguistics. Then the works, the main topic of which was the formation of functional-semantic fields of the category of comparison (comparativity), are presented. These works paid attention to the definition of field constituents at different levels. The elements of the field depend on many factors, since the linguistic units selected by researchers can belong to different materials: folklore, literary works, English language corpuses, etc. Besides, it seems important to point out the difficulties in determining the place of some ways of expressing comparison when forming fields. Only some of them are mentioned in the article: ongoing grammaticalization, graded forms, lack of comparison from a logical point of view and other problems. Thus, the presented review of modern works contributes to the theoretical understanding of existing scientific ideas reflected in the structure of the functional-semantic field of comparison.

Keywords: category of comparison; theoretical and analytical review; linguistics; functional-semantic aspect; functional-semantic field; functional semantics; comparison; comparativity

Orlova Tatyana Gennadievna
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: rudn1964fev@yandex.ru; orlova-tg@rudn.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-3930
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=719982
WoS: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/aythor/rid/A-5808-2021
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=57201723102

Abstract. The article deals with the analysis of English and Russian proverbs about fate, predestination and responsibility of a person for his fate, their meanings and structural and semantic characteristics in order to identify the features that characterize the cultural identity of both peoples. The main meanings of proverbs were identified and analyzed, which reveal the point of view of both peoples on predestination in the context of fate, on fatalism and unpredictability of events, on predestination in matters of marriage, as well as on the responsibility of a person for his fate and the dependence of fate on the efforts of the person himself. The analysis revealed the structural and semantic characteristics, as well as the expressive means peculiar to the proverbs of both peoples. The expressiveness of Russian proverbs is primarily achieved through the means of expressive syntax: generalized personal sentences, infinitive sentences and their repetitions, asyndeton, ellipsis, as well as through the use of rhymed endings. In English proverbs, there are more extended sentences, more syndetic sentences, although there are also laconic sentences, with inversions, and asyndeton sentences. Their expressiveness is achieved primarily through content and figurative means: opposition, comparison, irony, repetition, although these methods of expressiveness are found in Russian proverbs, too. The meanings of English and Russian proverbs largely coincide. At the same time, there are unique meanings in both languages, which reflect, on the one hand, the Russians’ love of risk and hope for a favorable outcome in spite of fate, and on the other hand, the greater rationalism of the British in accepting necessity, which is expressed in the use of the modal verb must. Another characteristic feature of the Russian proverbs of this group is the folk origin of most proverbs mentioning God, as opposed to the biblical origin of most English proverbs of a similar subject.

Keywords: English proverb; Russian proverb; fate; predestination; phraseological meaning; figurative structure; structural and semantic analysis; expressive means; cultural identity

Lonskaia Anna Yur’evna
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: daligalia@yandex.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4594-2571
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=935015

Abstract. The aim of the current study is to identify specific communicative speech qualities of Vladimir Putin taking into account current political concepts using his interview with T. Carlson 02.06.2024 as an example. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it was the first one to describe and systematize the main elements that verbalize the culture of Vladimir Putin’s speech and its main components through the prism of verbalization of modern Russian political concepts. In the course of the study it has been proven that the president has a high level of speech culture. In his communication with the public the leader features such linguistic items as colloquial words, vernacular and slang language units, set expressions and sayings, rhetorical questions and lexical iterations. Addressing the audience to historical events, personalities, dates, figures and using reasonable criticism combined with adherence to communicative standards on the one hand and sincere, non-monotonouse style of communication on the other hand makes the communicative position of Vladimir Putin authoritative and allows him to achieve his communication goals, namely, outline Russia’s position on current geopolitical issues in the manner accessible for an avarage recipient. The article was the first to identify concepts that reflect modern national political consciousness and on the basis of which the culture of the president’s speech in 2024 is verbalized, namely: united Russia, multinational Russia, traditional values, protection of carriers of Russian linguistic culture, Northern Military District, collective West, neo-Nazism in Ukraine, NATO war crimes, friendly relations between Russia and China.

Keywords: Russian political discourse; Russian political communication; political metaphor; Vladimir Putin’s speech culture; communicative qualities of speech; politics concepts; political linguistic

Dusina Natalia Viktorovna
Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M.E. Evseveva, Saransk, Russia
E-mail: dnv179@mail.ru

Abanina Tatiana Stepanovna
Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M.E. Evseveva, Saransk, Russia
E-mail: ats40@mail.ru

Gorelova Lyubov Nikolaevna
State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia
E-mail: gorelova.ln@mail.ru

Zotova Lyudmila Ivanovna
N.P. Ogarev National Research Mordovian State University, Saransk, Russia
E-mail: lizotova70@mail.ru

Abstract. The purpose of the research carried out in this article is to analyze the daily life of German soldiers during the First World War as depicted in E.M. Remarque’s novel «All Quiet on the Western Front». This topic was quite popular in foreign literature at the beginning of the 20th century. Various writers have captured numerous details of the everyday life of military personnel on the pages of their works. Integral components of the everyday life of any participant in the First World War, in addition to being in a state of constant nervous tension, were appalling unsanitary conditions, interruptions in the supply of provisions, and a shortage of clothing, shoes and medicines. Under the influence of trench life, the morale of individual soldiers was depressed and the combat effectiveness of the army deteriorated; everyday life at the front also predetermined the fate of the entire people in wartime. Contemporaries E.M. Remarque spoke of the novel «All Quiet on the Western Front», which received anti-war status, as a kind of artistic manifesto of an entire generation. Every page of the novel, every death of this or that hero, every story of a soldier is clear evidence of the author’s denial of All Quiet on the Western Front of the war, affirmation of its inhumanity, absurdity, aimlessness and unnaturalness. From the point of view of E.M. Remarque, there is no justification for the deliberate destruction of a person. In his work, the German writer intended to reveal the psychological aspects of human life at the front, in military conditions. As a result of the study of the plot and problematics of the novel «All Quiet on the Western Front» carried out in this article, it has been reliably proven that E.M. Remarque managed to depict front-line everyday life with great skill and achieve an artistic generalization of the fate of an entire generation, which would later be called «lost».

Keywords: anti-war novel; problem; The First World War; «lost generation»; everyday life at the front; the military generation; plot

Kasarkina Elena Nikolaevna
National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev, Saransk, Russia
E-mail: eienovik@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8211
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=742329

Larikhina Tatiana Vladimirovna
National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev, Saransk, Russia
E-mail: larihina.tv@mail.ru
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1217397

Abstract. The lack of methodological guidance, incomplete classification of information and recommendations on the possibilities and features of applying social work with deviant adolescents in juvenile affairs units determine the relevance of the study. The article analyzes the contradiction between the existing and desirable state of social work with adolescents of deviant behavior. One of the significant subjects of solving and preventing the problem of adolescent deviation is the Juvenile Affairs Unit, a structural controlling unit of the Internal Affairs system of the Russian Federation, engaged in accounting and education of deviant children and adolescents. PD is a structural element of the modern system of social work with adolescents of deviant behavior and an important subject of social prevention, obliged to stop child crime, and able to identify circumstances that negatively affect the development of a single child, to provide assistance. This subject works with different categories of teenagers — from the «risk group» or those who have committed minor offenses, to convicts. The activities of PD as a subject of social work with adolescents of deviant behavior begin with the identification of problem children and contacting the appropriate authorities or institutions of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency and continue throughout the difficult life situation of a minor. The purpose of the scientific work is to study the directions of social work with deviant adolescents in juvenile affairs units and the possibility of optimizing the practice of social work with deviant adolescents in juvenile affairs units. The authors, using a questionnaire survey of HDPE inspectors, teachers of secondary educational institutions, social protection specialists and members of the Commission on Juvenile Affairs and Protection of Their Rights, revealed that in modern family and demographic policy of Russia, an established system of activities for the prevention of child distress with clearly defined goals and objectives has been defined, but this does not reduce the number of children living in conditions unsuitable for their development, harmful, hindering socialization, development and further advancement in life.

Keywords: teenagers; deviant behavior; juvenile affairs unit; social work

Shmakov Vladimir Sergeevich
Institute of Philosophy and Law Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
E-mail: vsshmakov@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-1758
RSCI: https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=72871

Abstract. The study of the evolution of the Eurasian socio-cultural space allows us to reflect the positive and negative aspects and features of the transformation of socio-culture. The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of coherence on the evolution of the Eurasian socio-cultural space, to identify models of sociocultural variability in the context of globalization. The synthesis of a systemic and socio-cultural approach makes it possible to explore the trends of socio-cultural transformation more deeply. It is shown that in the process of evolution of the socio-cultural space of Eurasia, multidirectional lines of development are formed. The socio-cultural system is losing its stability, which leads to disintegration, the formation of new structures that initiate instability and conflict. The emerging models of socioculture reflect the multidirectional trends of integration and differentiation, fixing the problem of preserving local socio-cultural originality and identity, maintaining traditional socio-cultural standards. Coherence acts as a system of communication and dialogue of sociocultures, actualizing the perception and recognition of values, interaction, and integration of subcultures.

Structures are being developed that are more resistant to innovations and more actively adapt to new conditions. In the process of interaction, a socio-cultural environment is crystallized with a pronounced dominance of the innovative layer in socioculture, rejection of traditions. On the other hand, the need to preserve traditional culture and sociality is determined in local communities. In conditions of modification of the socio-cultural environment, the principle of coherence contributes to the definition of culture and sociality as a local integrated experience, transformed from generation to generation. Coherence serves as a kind of basis for the concept of fixing, integrating historical, traditional, functional, information relations, communications, contributing to the adoption and institution of innovations in conjunction with traditional values.

The emerging models of the socio-cultural space reflect the processes of transformation of the life system and lifestyle of local communities, determining the transition from the paradigm of sustainable traditional development to the paradigm of innovative transformations, while preserving traditional values to the utmost.

Keywords: geoculture; geocultural space; Eurasianism; locality; globality; development models

Medvedeva Tatyana Vladimirovna
Samara State Institute of Culture, Samara, Russia
E-mail: medvedeva@smrgaki.ru

Abstract. Prishvin is a singer of nature and children’s writer recognized by literary scholars. However, the writer is attracted not only by nature, but also by man as a part of this nature. A large place in Prishvin’s children’s stories is occupied by man as a member of a certain traditional community based on closely related relationships between members of this community — the family.

When conducting linguistic studies of the content structure of a text, including fiction, today they often use the method of conceptual analysis, the implementation of which can be facilitated by methods of component analysis of lexical units, a description of their paradigmatic and syntagmatic connections, linguistic modeling, semantic analysis of dictionary definitions, and contextual analysis.

In this article, to analyze the content structure of the author’s text, one of the basic concept spheres that has a special aesthetic significance in Prishvin’s work is chosen — the concept sphere «family».

The source of the research is the texts of stories from different periods of the author’s creative activity, collected in the «Golden Meadow» cycle. The factual material, collected using the continuous sampling method, is represented by more than two hundred uses of lexical units involved in the organization of the concept sphere under study. 109 stories included in the cycle were considered. Quantitative indicators indicate the importance of the concept of «family» for the author and the significance of the conceptual sphere under study in the worldview of M.M. Prishvina.

Observations revealed that the very word-name of the concept sphere «family» is used extremely rarely by the author. To name the subject of his narration, along with direct designations of persons or animals, the author often uses words of a lexical-semantic group with the meaning of family and closely related connections that make up the semantic field of the concept sphere «family»: «mother», «father», «brother», «son», «daughter», «matchmaker», «grandfather», «grandmother», etc.

The core of Prishvin’s concept sphere «family» is the concept «mother». The lexeme «mother» is frequently used; in the cycle of stories there are about 50 uses of different case forms of this word in two meanings.

Throughout the entire cycle, the author gradually creates the image of the «Great Mother»; Prishvin’s motherhood is natural, desired, instinctive on the one hand and meaningful, sacrificial on the other.

For Prishvin, the family has both specifically human and generalized natural and supernatural significance. This is the only possible form of coexistence of similar individuals, necessary for the survival of the species. This is a huge world, the center of which is the mother as a powerful instinctive force that creates and preserves life in all its manifestations. Thus, an analysis of the concept sphere «family» showed that reading Prishvin’s children’s stories in preschool age and studying his work by younger schoolchildren contributes to the formation of a system of traditional family values, respectful attitude towards older generations and care for younger ones.

Keywords: concept; concept sphere; conceptual analysis; world-generating analysis; core of the concept sphere; syntagmatic connections; paradigmatic connections

Leskova Irina Valerievna
Federal State University of Education, Mytishci, Russia
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: leskova.i@yandex.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6083-6692
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=510760
WoS: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/rid/AAC-8948-2020
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=56610215200
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BfYOFYMAAAAJ

Uvarov Igor Alekseevich
Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Stavropol, Russia
E-mail: uvarov.igor@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-7505
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=456707

Abstract. The problem of the recidivism of punishment in the form of imprisonment, traditionally refers to the most pressing problems of social science. This is due to the fact that being isolated from society, the convict is forced to integrate into the social education that has been formed in places of deprivation of liberty. The specific relationships that exist among convicts in the penitentiary society also leave a certain imprint on the nature of those relationships that are considered acceptable in this environment. The administration of correctional institutions is forced to take into account the system of informal relations that has developed among convicts in order to implement penitentiary practices necessary for the correction of convicts. For many decades, a system of qualitative assessment of the personality of convicts serving sentences of imprisonment has been formed. The article notes that there is a rather unhealthy practice of focusing on the criminal characteristics of the convict’s personality, which began to influence the shift in emphasis in the application of penitentiary practices from correction to punishment. This is most clearly seen in the institute of preventive accounting used in correctional institutions. The Administration is making efforts to identify negative personality traits in convicts in order to use them in determining priorities in the application of penitentiary practices. The authors propose to consider such an approach as hindering the effective use of penitentiary prevention. As a result, the article proposes to shift the focus in the activities of the correctional institution administration to socially significant personality traits of the convicted person in order to correctly determine priorities in the process of penitentiary prevention.

Keywords: personality of the convicted person; criminological features of the personality; penitentiary prevention; socially significant personality traits of the convicted person

Peredelʹskiy Aleksey Anatolʹevich
Interregional public organization for physical culture, education and sports «Revanche» Association», Moscow, Russia

Mamedov Azer Agabala ogly
Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia

Kortunov Vadim Vadimovich
Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia

Donskikh Kseniya Yurʹevna
Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia

Shipovskaya Lyudmila Pavlovna
Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The scientific problem lies in the discrepancy between the self-reflective Western and Eastern traditions of the philosophy of sport and the very real sports process and sports science, and, by and large, the classical understanding of the scope and content of the concept of philosophy as such.

The relevance of the study lies in the need to eliminate or «remove» this discrepancy, which at three levels openly complicates the development of the philosophy of sport: firstly, as a philosophy in the classical sense of the word; secondly, as a scientific philosophy; and thirdly, as a scientific philosophy of sports and sports science, and not existential, irrational, hermeneutic and other ideas and experiences about philosophizing thoughts about something vaguely reminiscent of them.

The purpose of the study is to construct and briefly justify a classification of the scientific philosophy of sports and sports science from the standpoint of classical philosophy and a dialectical-materialistic worldview, as well as to indicate a short list of its main tasks in the current situation of aggravated military-political confrontation between Russia, East and West.

The methodology and organization of the study are based on a comprehensive historical, philosophical and scientific theoretical and comparative analysis, including general scientific operations of grouping, systematization, abstraction, idealization and logical operations of defining and dividing concepts, induction, deduction, analogy, determining truth, proof and refutation, constructing a hypothesis.

Research results and conclusions. Gradually but steadily growing since the beginning of the 21st century, global changes in the modern socio-political picture of the world are increasingly clearly and rapidly entailing equally significant changes in education and science (including specialized ones). This article presents a system for constructing the philosophy of sport and sports science, which provides a solution to the full range of modern problems of philosophical analysis and scientific research of sport as:

• social phenomenon and institution;
• cultural and civilizational mechanism of social evolution of humanity;
• a mechanism for preserving and improving a person in his inherent parameters of a social and psychophysiological being;
• an outpost for preventing the processes of human deanthropolization.

It is easy to notice that this system of constructing the philosophy of sport and sports science in many aspects and in terms of system-forming factors differs significantly from its predecessors, at the same time serving as the basis for their scientific and philosophical criticism — criticism that substantiates the urgent need for a radical restructuring of the entire edifice of the philosophy of physical culture and sports, based on from the modern socio-political challenges addressed to her.

Keywords: philosophy of physical culture and sports; sports science; Western and Eastern traditions of the philosophy of sport; tasks; modern socio-political conditions