{"id":5004,"date":"2026-03-07T00:02:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T21:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/?p=5004"},"modified":"2026-03-07T00:02:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T21:02:14","slug":"44flsk425","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/44flsk425.html","title":{"rendered":"Communicative behavior of Kalmyks (using the religious concept of \u00abvirtue\u00bb as an example)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Artaev Sergei Nikolaevich<\/strong><br \/>\nKalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia<br \/>\nE-mail: ArtaevSN@yandex.ru<br \/>\nORCID: <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9040-3473\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9040-3473<\/a><br \/>\nRSCI: <a href=\"https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=262401\">https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=262401<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Kaminova Karina Yuryevna<\/strong><br \/>\nKalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia<br \/>\nE-mail: kaminova_karina@list.ru<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Sangadzhi-Goryaeva Gerel Sergeevna<\/strong><br \/>\nKalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia<br \/>\nE-mail: gerel.gsg@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Dzhioeva Ruslana Ruslanovna<\/strong><br \/>\nKalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia<br \/>\nE-mail: cesovalana@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> This article examines and analyzes the characteristics of traditional Kalmyk speech behavior. Speech behavior and communication, in addition to language, culture, and lifestyle, are also strongly influenced by Buddhism. Kalmyks, deeply religious people since ancient times, understood the need to control their actions, deeds, and feelings. Therefore, questions of morality and ethical norms developed by people were reflected in their language. An entire system of rules of conduct existed, a unique system of prohibitions for both adults and children. This system of prohibitions was expressed in the words \u00abnot allowed\u00bb, \u00abshould not\u00bb, and in the concepts of \u00abgood\u00bb and \u00abbad\u00bb, \u00abdecent\u00bb and \u00abindecent\u00bb, and \u00abbeautiful\u00bb and \u00abugly\u00bb. Concepts based on Buddhist philosophy, such as \u00abkilnts bolkh\u00bb (there will be sin) and its opposite, \u00abbuin bolkh\u00bb (there will be happiness), were the main criteria for Kalmyk behavior. Indirect threats and warnings are also common in Kalmyk communication, designed to emphasize the content of what is being said, the hidden meaning of a potential future disaster. While these previously had a clearly superstitious and religious character \u2014 they would take you to a khurul (Buddhist temple) and ask you to tell the truth, confess, etc. \u2014 now they take on a truly moral meaning, often with an ethical and behavioral focus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Traditions and norms of national etiquette, including speech, existed in every family and in every person. They were sacred to everyone, and therefore no one could shirk their observance. Thus, the traditions of the people, closely intertwined with religion, shaped socially significant qualities in people: honesty, hard work, obedience, and self-control.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> communicative behavior; Buddhism; religion; virtue; norms of behavior; ethics; culture; national and cultural specificity<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Artaev Sergei Nikolaevich Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia E-mail: ArtaevSN@yandex.ru ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9040-3473 RSCI: https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=262401 Kaminova Karina Yuryevna Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia E-mail: kaminova_karina@list.ru Sangadzhi-Goryaeva Gerel Sergeevna Kalmyk State University named after &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issue-4-2025","category-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5004"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5004\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5006,"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5004\/revisions\/5006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfk-mn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}