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Vaulina E.I. [Modern concepts of Polysemy and the typical structure of a dictionary entry in a full-type explanatory dictionary] World of Science. Series: Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies, 2022, Vol. 13, No. 1. Available at: https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/36FLSK122.pdf (in Russian).

Modern concepts of Polysemy and the typical structure of a dictionary entry in a full-type explanatory dictionary

Vaulina Ekaterina Iurevna
The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: miauling@yandex.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2854-5649

Abstract. The paper deals with some problems of lexical polysemy research in the cognitive aspect as far as they are related to modern lexicographic practice. Compiling a full-type explanatory dictionary of the modern Russian language, lexicographers identify typical structures of dictionary entries of polysemous words, which are implemented in specific language units with varying degrees of completeness. The article presents the construction of such a typical structure for adjectives formed from the names of minerals — closed, semantically almost a homogeneous group of words, the development of the polysemy within which is primarily influenced by the extralinguistic factor of practical mastering by a person of the object called a noun. Using this lexicographic material and other data from the currently compiled «Dictionary of the Russian Language of the XXI century», are considered the problems of speech or system-language understanding of polysemy, its regularity and possibility of modeling for certain sections of the lexical system, the involvement of polysemy as a means of conceptualizing, categorization and nomination of objects in the process of human cognition of reality, and the possibility of representing the logical structure of polysemy by means of basic metaphors. Since the semantic structure of the word itself is developing, we distinguish between the description of a polysemous word in a diachronic dictionary and a dictionary of synchronous type, which represents a hierarchy of meanings from the point of view of modern native speakers. It is argued that modeling the logical structure of a polysemous word is possible for a certain stage of the evolution of the language system in a dictionary with a detailed development of semantics, having a representative empirical base, which sets itself the task of constructing a model of the linguistic picture of the world of contemporaries. Materials of the article can be used in practical lexicography, theoretical descriptions of the lexical system of the modern Russian language for educational purposes, in the study of the representation of the picture of the world in the modern Russian language. Using this lexicographic material, are considered the problems of speech or system-language understanding of polysemy, its regularity and possibility of modeling for certain sections of the lexical system, involvement of polysemy as a means of conceptualization, categorization and nomination of objects in the process of human cognition of reality.

Keywords: polysemy; metaphorical and metonymic shift; full-type explanatory dictionary; structure of the dictionary entry; meaning; model explanation; lexicographic modeling

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